From "Jyā" to "Sine" — a Word's Journey
From The Āryabhaṭīya, taught by Acharya T Krishnatrey. This lesson is free to read.
<pre data-block="tabs">[Sanskrit] ज्या → (Arabic) jiba/jaib → (Latin) sinus → sine [Meaning] Āryabhaṭa's "jyā" (half-chord) is the sine. Arabic scholars transliterated it "jb", later read as "jaib" ("bay/fold"), which Latin translators rendered "sinus" ("bay") — giving the English "sine". [Commentary] Every "sin" button on every calculator is a linguistic fossil of Āryabhaṭa's "jyā". His sine table is one of India's great gifts to the mathematics of the whole world.</pre>